Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) is traditionally used in men for improving libido, sexual function, and treating infertility, with active compounds like saponins potentially enhancing sexual satisfaction and sperm quality, though it doesn't consistently raise testosterone levels in healthy men; it's used in Ayurveda and TCM for vitality and sexual health, with some studies showing improved erectile function and sperm parameters, but more research is needed.

Yohimbe bark is traditionally used by men primarily to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) and as an aphrodisiac. Its active ingredient, yohimbine, can also aid in weight loss and improve athletic performance,

L-arginine is an amino acid that plays a vital role in male health, primarily by producing nitric oxide (NO), a molecule that promotes the widening of blood vessels (vasodilation). This mechanism is key to its major benefits

Ginseng plays a significant role in male health, primarily as an aphrodisiac and adaptogen, improving erectile function, boosting sperm quality (count, motility, morphology), enhancing libido, increasing energy, and combating stress, largely due to its active compounds, ginsenosides, which boost nitric oxide for better blood flow and support overall vitality, though more research is needed for standardized use.

Zinc, often sourced as zinc oxide, is crucial for male reproductive health, supporting testosterone production, sperm development (spermatogenesis), and motility, while also protecting sperm DNA; it maintains prostate health, boosts immunity, aids muscle growth, and is vital for overall sexual function, with deficiency linked to low T, infertility, and even erectile dysfunction (ED).